Tuesday, 10 March 2026

From Birth to Brain: Exploring Sex-Based Differences in Neonatal Pain Processing

 

Presenter: Stefano Bembich

Affiliation: University Hospital of Udine, Italy

Presentation Type: Oral Presentation (In-Person)

Title: Sex-related differences in the processing and experience of pain at the beginning of life


👶 Sex-Related Differences in Pain Perception at the Beginning of Life

Understanding how newborns experience pain is an important part of improving neonatal care. Recent research suggests that male and female infants may process and respond to pain differently, even during the earliest stages of life. This study explores these potential differences using both behavioral observations and neurophysiological measurements.


🧠 Why Study Pain Differences in Newborns?

Pain perception has been widely studied in adults, where clear sex-related differences in pain sensitivity and processing have been documented. However, much less is known about whether these differences exist right from birth.

This study aims to investigate how male and female newborns respond to pain, providing insights that could improve pain assessment and management strategies in neonatal care.


🔬 Study Design and Research Methods

Researchers conducted a secondary analysis of previously collected data from a group of 100 healthy full-term newborns.

👶 Study Participants

·         48 male newborns

·         52 female newborns

Each infant underwent a routine heel-prick procedure, commonly performed for metabolic screening shortly after birth.

To evaluate pain responses, two key assessment methods were used:

·         Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) – to measure behavioral pain responses

·         Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) – to monitor brain activity associated with pain processing


💊 Pain Relief Methods Tested

Before the heel-prick procedure, newborns were randomly assigned to one of several non-pharmacological pain relief interventions, including:

·         Oral glucose solution 🍬

·         Expressed breast milk 🍼

·         Maternal holding combined with glucose 🤱

·         Breastfeeding 🤱🍼

·         Maternal holding alone 🤍

These interventions are commonly used in neonatal units to reduce procedural pain without medications.


📊 Key Findings of the Study

👧 Stronger Behavioral Pain Response in Female Newborns

The results showed that female infants displayed a more pronounced behavioral response to pain compared to male infants.

·         This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.031).

Interestingly, the difference became particularly noticeable when breastfeeding was used as a pain-relief intervention, suggesting that sex may influence how newborns respond to certain analgesic strategies.


🧠 Differences in Brain Activation

The study also revealed distinct neurophysiological differences between male and female infants.

Female newborns demonstrated greater activation of the left somatosensory cortex during the heel-prick procedure (p = 0.029).

When breastfeeding was used as an analgesic intervention, additional activation was observed in the right somatosensory cortex (p = 0.010).

These findings suggest that female infants may process painful stimuli differently at the brain level, even during the earliest days of life.


💡 What Do These Findings Mean?

The results highlight the possibility that sex-related biological differences in pain processing may exist from birth.

Understanding these differences is important because neonatal pain management strategies are often designed without considering sex as a factor.

Recognizing these variations could help clinicians develop more precise and personalized approaches to neonatal pain care.


🏥 Implications for Neonatal Healthcare

The study emphasizes the need to incorporate sex-specific considerations into neonatal pain assessment and treatment protocols.

Future neonatal care strategies may benefit from:

·         Improved pain assessment tools

·         Tailored non-pharmacological interventions

·         More personalized neonatal pain management approaches

Such strategies could help ensure better comfort and care for newborn infants during medical procedures.


🌱 Moving Toward Personalized Neonatal Pain Care

This research contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting sex-specific approaches in medicine, even at the earliest stages of life.

By recognizing and studying these differences, healthcare providers may be able to develop more effective and individualized pain management strategies for newborns, ultimately improving neonatal health outcomes.


👩⚕️ About the Speaker

Dr. Stefano Bembich is a clinical psychologist and researcher. Currently, he works at the University Hospital of Udine (Italy), in the Mother-Child Department, as clinician. In collaboration with the Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” of Trieste (Italy), his research activity concerns the application of cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy, as a functional neuroimaging technique, in the field of neonatology. He published more than 20 papers on this topic.


🌍 Join the Global Conversation

Event: International Conference on Pediatrics, Neonatology & Child Health
📅 March 26–28, 2026
📍 Singapore & Online
🔗 Website: https://pediatrics.miconferences.com/
🔗 Register: https://pediatrics.miconferences.com/register
🔗 Abstract Submission: https://pediatrics.miconferences.com/abstract-submission

📩 Email: pediatrics@mathewsconference.com
📞 Phone: +1 (312) 462-4448
💬 WhatsApp: +1 (424) 377-0967

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